Biomass Allocation of Xanthium strumarium L.: A key factor for invasive success at high elevation

This study aims to investigate the importance of biomass allocation in invasive success Xanthium strumarium, an alien species across elevation gradient Pakistan. plant was selected as a model due its lowland invasion capacity and going up gradient. Sites were sampled three different groups, ≤ 200m, 600m, 1000m while ≥ 1400m above sea level, analyze X. strumarium allocation, related environmental variables, community diversity. Root/Below ground, stems, leaves, fruits, total dry and, ratios found vary with (P < 0.05). The density had significant negative effect on diversity, where crown cover main contributing factor accumulation. Environmental factors such elevation, sand, clay, nitrogen, organic matter, phosphorus, pH most strongly correlated CCA-ordination, which indicates that several topographic, edaphic, soil variables influence spatial pattern this species. It concluded continues at higher elevations, adapting new conditions, particularly reproductive biomass.